Uterine Fibroids
A fibroid is a benign growth arising from the muscular layer of the uterus and is among the most common gynecological growths in women. It is mainly hormone-dependent (estrogen): it can grow during pregnancy and shrink after menopause. By location, intramural, subserosal and submucosal types are distinguished — symptoms and treatment tactics depend on this.
What is it?
A benign growth of the uterine muscle layer. Malignant transformation is very rare, but fibroids can cause bleeding, pain and infertility.
Who is it for?
For women with heavy and prolonged periods, groin and lower-back pain, frequent urination, and those in whom a fibroid was found during a preventive exam.
Risks?
Not every fibroid means surgery — for small, symptom-free fibroids regular monitoring is enough. But every rapidly growing mass must be evaluated.
The most common symptoms of fibroids
- Prolonged, heavy menstrual bleeding with clots
- Bleeding between periods, groin and lower-back pain
- Frequent urination, a feeling of enlargement and pressure in the abdomen
- Pain during intercourse
Treatment approach
There are three paths: dynamic monitoring for small symptom-free fibroids; myomectomy for women of reproductive age who want children — only the fibroid is removed, the uterus is preserved, performed laparoscopically whenever possible; and hysterectomy when other methods fail, bleeding cannot be controlled, or there is an oncological suspicion. Hysterectomy is never the first choice: the decision takes into account age, the wish to become a mother and overall condition. Pregnancy is possible after myomectomy — the waiting period is set individually based on healing of the suture.
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